RHD361 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Kernel Internals

RHD361 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Kernel Internals Course Description

Intended Audience for the RHD361 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Kernel Internals Course

• Experienced developers who want to gain a thorough understanding of the Linux kernel architecture.

Training Packages & Career Tracks that include the RHD361 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Kernel Internals Course

• RHD361 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Kernel Internals

RHD361 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Kernel Internals Course Objectives

• User and kernel mode
• Kernel compilation
• Kernel initialization
• Kernel modules
• Introduction to device drivers
• Kernel API overview
• Kernel debugging
• SystemTap
• Process management
• Scheduling
• Real time and Red Hat Enterprise Linux RT
• Kernel threads
• Timing
• Interrupts
• Synchronization
• Memory
• Working with the Linux community

RHD361 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Kernel Internals Course Outline

1. Unit 1 - Working with the Developer Community
   1. Community Linux Kernel Development
   2. Why Contribute Kernel Code Upstream?
   3. Licensing
   4. Copyright
   5. Submitted Work
   6. The Kernel Development Process
   7. Creating Patches for the Merge Window
   8. Staging Trees
2. Unit 2 - User Mode and Kernel Mode
   1. The Linux Kernel - An Overview
   2. The Role of the Kernel
   3. Kernel Contexts
   4. Four Milliseconds in the Life of the Kernel
   5. System Ring Levels
   6. Kernel Mode
   7. User Mode
   8. Mode Switching Example: System Calls
   9. x86 System Call Interface
   10. x86 System Call Interface (cont.)
   11. Mode Switching Example: IRQ Event
   12. Kernel Mode Linux
3. Unit 3 - Kernel Compilation and Tools
   1. Kernel Packages
   2. Kernel Version
   3. Kernel Documentation
   4. Kernel Source Layout
   5. Kernel Source Layout (cont.)
   6. Recompiling the Red Hat Kernel
   7. Install Kernel Development Packages
   8. Kernel Source Package
   9. Preparing Source Code for Compilation
   10. Customizing Kernel Name (Optional)
   11. Choosing Compilation Options
   12. Compiling the Kernel and Modules
   13. Installing the Kernel Modules
   14. Installing the Compiled Kernel and Related Files
   15. Kernel Application Binary Interface (kABI)
   16. cscope
   17. LXR
   18. git
   19. git Documentation
4. Unit 4 - Modules
   1. Kernel Modules
   2. Kernel Module Utilities
   3. Mapping Modules to Attached Devices
   4. Kernel Module Essentials
   5. modinfo Macros
   6. printk()
   7. /proc/kmsg and klogd
   8. printk() Loglevels
   9. Rate Limiting printk()
   10. Putting It All Together: A Simple Module
   11. Compiling a Module
   12. Integrating A New Module with the Kernel
   13. Makefile and Kconfig
   14. Module Parameters
   15. Example: Module with Parameter
5. Unit 5 - Kernel API Overview
   1. Multitasking, Stacks, and Task-Descriptors
   2. Contents of a Program's Stack
   3. Kernel Mode Switch and the Stack
   4. Task Structures
   5. What Is a Process?
   6. thread_info Structure
   7. task_struct: Process Identifiers
   8. task_struct: Process State
   9. task_struct: Scheduling Information
   10. Doubly Linked Lists
   11. Doubly Linked Lists: Manipulation
   12. Doubly Linked Lists: Iteration
   13. Doubly Linked Lists: Processes
   14. task_struct: Related Processes
   15. task_struct: Statistics
   16. Allocating Kernel Memory: kmalloc()
   17. Memory Cache Optimizations: Branch Prediction
   18. Memory Cache Optimizations: Binding Structures
   19. Generating Kernel Errors
6. Unit 6 - Synchronization
   1. Critical Sections
   2. Mutual Exclusion Devices
   3. Linux Mutex Toolbox
   4. Atomic Bit Operations
   5. Atomic Integers
   6. Spinlocks
   7. Spinlocks and Local Interrupts
   8. Read-Write Spinlocks
   9. Mutexes
   10. Semaphores
   11. Spinlock/Mutex Example
   12. Alternatives to Locking
   13. Sequential Locks
   14. Read-Copy-Update (RCU)
   15. Linux RCU Implementation
   16. Per-CPU Variables
   17. Completions
   18. The Big Kernel Lock
7. Unit 7 - Kernel Debugging 1: Tools and Techniques
   1. Debugging Preparations
   2. kernel-debuginfo Warnings
   3. Kernel vs. User Space
   4. Live vs. Postmortem Debugging
   5. Crashes vs. Hangs
   6. Debugging Device Drivers
   7. User Space Debugging Tools
   8. /proc Kernel Information
   9. kernel.panic Tunable and Kernel Crashes
   10. /sys Filesystem
   11. debugfs Filesystem
   12. Printing from the Kernel
   13. Kernel Oops Messages
   14. SysRq Mechanism
   15. sosreport
   16. The crash Tool
   17. crash Requirements
   18. crash Installation
   19. crash Invocation
   20. crash Invocation Output
   21. crash Help
   22. crash Command Input
   23. crash Command Output
   24. crash Command Overview
   25. crash Default Context
8. Unit 8 - Interrupts
   1. Interrupts
   2. Nature of Interrupts
   3. Types of Interrupts
   4. Interrupt Specific Hardware
   5. Interrupt Descriptor Table (IDT)
   6. IDT Initialization
   7. IDT Initialization Functions
   8. Exception Handling
   9. Asynchronous Interrupt Handling
   10. Interrupt Handler Considerations
   11. irq_desc Structure
   12. irqaction Structure
   13. Interrupt Handler Registration
   14. Performing Deferred Work
   15. Softirqs
   16. Using Softirqs
   17. Tasklets
   18. Using Tasklets
   19. Work Queues
   20. Work Queue Data Structures
   21. Using Work Queues
9. Unit 9 - Device Driver Overview
   1. Device Drivers
   2. Device Types
   3. Device Nodes
   4. Creating a Device Node
   5. Dynamic Loading of Driver Modules
   6. Major and Minor Numbers
   7. Dynamic Major and Minor Numbers
   8. Dynamically Created Device Nodes
   9. Dynamically Created Device Nodes Made Easy
   10. Device Driver Essentials
   11. Character Device Registration
   12. Device Driver File Operations
   13. Driver Methods
   14. The file Structure
   15. The inode Structure
   16. The open and release Methods
   17. The read and write Methods
   18. Module Usage Count
   19. Simple Character Driver Example
10. Unit 10 - Memory Management
    1. Virtual Memory and Paging
    2. x86 Memory Architecture
    3. Memory Segmentation in Linux
    4. x86 Segmentation
    5. x86 Segmentation in Linux
    6. Memory Paging
    7. Page Tables
    8. Mapping Virtual Addresses (x86)
    9. Mapping Virtual Addresses (x86-64)
    10. Memory Zones
    11. Arranging the Virtual Address Space
    12. ZONE_NORMAL
    13. ZONE_HIGHMEM
    14. ZONE_DMA
    15. Kernel Memory Allocation
    16. Memory Management
    17. Buddy Allocator
    18. Requesting and Releasing Page Frames
    19. Slab Allocator
    20. Slab Allocator (cont.)
    21. Non-Contiguous Memory Area Management
    22. Memory Flags: gfp_mask
    23. __get_free_pages()
    24. kmalloc()
    25. vmalloc()
11. Unit 11 - Processes
    1. Creating Processes
    2. Sharing Resources
    3. do_fork()
    4. Process Memory Maps
    5. Memory Areas
    6. vm_flags
    7. pmap
    8. Kernel Threads
    9. Process 0
    10. Destroying Processes
    11. Context Switches
    12. When Does Context Switching Occur?
    13. When Is need_resched Set?
    14. When Is schedule() Called?
    15. Kernel Preemption
12. Unit 12 - The Scheduler
    1. Priority
    2. Priority for Normal Processes
    3. Priority for Real-Time Processes
    4. Time Slices
    5. The O(1) Scheduler: Run Queues
    6. The O(1) Scheduler: Priority Arrays
    7. The O(1) Scheduler: How it works
    8. Wait Queues
    9. The O(1) Scheduler: Load Balancing
    10. The O(1) Scheduler: load_balance()
    11. Problems with the O(1) Scheduler
    12. O(1) Scheduler vs. CFS
    13. Overview of CFS
    14. Details of CFS
    15. CFS Task Scheduling
    16. CFS Scheduler Policies
    17. CFS Scheduler Classes
    18. CFS fair_sched_class
    19. CFS Tuning
    20. CFS Group Scheduling
    21. CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
    22. CONFIG_FAIR_CGROUP_SCHED
13. Unit 13 - Kernel Timing
    1. The Need for Timing
    2. Timing Hardware
    3. Timing Source Selection
    4. Wall/Real Time: xtime
    5. Wall Clock System Calls
    6. Kernel Ticks: jiffies
    7. Software Timers
    8. Posix Timers
    9. Interval Timers and alarm()
    10. High-Resolution Timers
    11. Timer Interrupt Handler
    12. TIMER_SOFTIRQ Softirq
    13. Delay Functions
14. Unit 14 - SystemTap
    1. Introduction to SystemTap
    2. SystemTap's Main Components
    3. Monitoring the Kernel with SystemTap
    4. The stap Command
    5. Flow of Data in SystemTap
    6. Common Tapset Probe Points
    7. SystemTap Script Examples
15. Unit 15 - System and Kernel Initialization
    1. Boot Sequence Overview
    2. BIOS Initialization
    3. Bootloader
    4. Starting the Boot Process: GRUB
    5. Bootloader Components
    6. The Chicken/Egg Module Problem and the Initial RAM Disk
    7. GRUB and grub.conf
    8. Kernel Initialization Overview
    9. __init and __initdata
    10. Initialization Subsections and Ordering
    11. Kernel Initialization
    12. init/main.c: start_kernel()
    13. init/main.c: rest_init()
    14. init/main.c: init()
    15. init/main.c: do_basic_setup()
    16. init/main.c: init_post()
    17. init Initialization
    18. Run Levels
16. Unit 16 - Kernel Debugging 2: Crash Dumps
    1. Introduction to Crash Dumps
    2. Netdump/Diskdump Challenges
    3. Kdump
    4. Kdump Solution
    5. Kexec
    6. Relocatable Kernel
    7. In-place Kernel Decompression
    8. Starting Kdump
    9. Kdump Initrd Image
    10. Configuring Kdump
    11. Kdump Core Dumps to the Local System
    12. Kdump Core Dumps to NFS Mount Points
    13. Kdump Core Dumps to SSH Servers
    14. Dump File Size
    15. Customizing the Dump Capture Method: makedumpfile
    16. Dump Filtering
    17. Dump Compression
    18. Future Challenges
17. Unit 17 - Red Hat Enterprise Linux Realtime Kernel
    1. Realtime (RT) Linux
    2. Benefits of a Realtime Kernel
    3. Response Time Comparisons
    4. Wake-Up Response Time Example
    5. Changes in the Kernel
    6. Changes in the C Library
    7. RT Measurement Tools
    8. RT Tuning Tools
    9. RT Tuning Methods
    10. Loading the RT Kernel

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